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Abstract
Prevalence of cryptosporidium infection and related risk factors in children with or without diarrhoea in northern part of Tanzania
Mmbaga B.T.1, Kinabo G.D.1, Swai M.1, Shao J.1, Mchele J.2, Henderikx M.3, Houpt E.4, Tolboom J.5, Schimana W.6
Objectives: To investigate the rate of Cryptosporidium infection in children with diarrhea and HIV-infected children and the associated risk factor leading to high prevalence.
Methods: Children aged 5 months to 13 years old attending Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC) and Mawenzi regional hospital in Moshi, Kilimanjaro were enrolled from September 2005 – March 2006. Single stool specimen was collected from inpatient children with diarrhoea irrespective of their HIV status and from HIV-infected children whether they had diarrhoea or not. If the HIV status was not known, HIV serology was performed using two rapid tests for antibody or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HIV-1 RNA was used for infants less than 18 months of age. The methods used for detection of Cryptosporidium were modified acid-fast stain (mAFS), Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and PCR.
Results: A total of 300 specimens were collected from 300 children, including 180 children who presented with diarrhea and 120 HIV-infected children (with or without diarrhea). Out of 300 specimens, 217 were from children with diarrhoea: 192 had acute diarrhoea (27 HIV-positive) and 25 had chronic diarrhoea (10 HIV-positive). 83 specimens collected from HIV-infected children without diarrhoea, 6/83 (7.2%) showed Cryptosporidium. Out of 300 stool samples, Cryptosporidium was detected in 40 (13.3%). Children with acute diarrhoea 25/192 (13.0%) had Cryptosporidium (3 HIV positive) compared to 8/25 (32.0%) with persistent diarrhoea (4 HIV positive). Cryptosporidium infection was statistically significant present in children with persistent diarrhoea (p=0.013). Watery diarrhoea and drinking unboiled water were statistically significant associated with the Cryptosporidium infection (p=0.0001 and p=0.0001 respectively). HIV infection, severe dehydration and malnutrition were predictors of death (P=0.001 each). Other intestinal pathogens identified included G. liamblia 5%, Trichomonas hominis 3.6% and least was Strongloides 0.3%.
Conclusions: Cryptosporidium infection was common in both HIV-infected and uninfected. Cryptosporidium leads to persistent diarrhea in HIV infected children.
4th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention
Abstract no.
TUPEB135
Suggested Citation
"MmbagaB.T., et al.
Prevalence of cryptosporidium infection and related risk factors in children with or without diarrhoea in northern part of Tanzania.
Poster exhibition:
4th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention:
Abstract no.
TUPEB135"
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